首先:
1)表示某地在某一特定区域内的方位时,介词用in。
2)表示某地在某一特定区域外,且两地相互接壤的某一方位时,介词用on。
3)表示某地在某一特定区域外,但两地相互不相连的某一方位时,介词用to。
具体分析如下:
(一)in the east 与 on the east的区别
1.in the east表示我们生活中和地理位置上的绝对方向。如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东边升起,从西边落下。
The Great Wall begins in the east from the Shanghaiguan Pass and ends at the Jiayuguan Pass in the west.
长城东起山海关,西至嘉峪关。
2.on the east表示某事物位于另一事物所朝的方向。这里的方向是相对而言的。如:
China faces the Pacific on the east.
中国东临太平洋。
The United States faces the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west.
美国东临大西洋,西濒太平洋。
(二)in (to,on,at) the east of
1.要表示A在B的东部,即:A在B的范围之内时就用“A is in the east of B”,如:
Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.台湾位于中国东南部。
Japan is in the east of Asia.日本在亚洲东部。
Italy is in the south of Europe.意大利在欧洲南部。
2.如果A在B的东方,即:A在B的范围之外,且相隔有一定的距离,就用“A lies to the east of B”。口语中有时可将to the省去。如:
Japan lies (to the) east of China.日本位于中国东方。
France lies (to the) east of England.法国位于英国东方。
3.如果A在B的东边(侧),即:A与B相邻接。就用“A is on the east of B”。如:
North Korea is on the east of China.北朝鲜位于中国的东边。
Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。
Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.广东在湖南南边。
Shangdong is on the north of Jiangsu.山东在江苏北边。
4.如果把方位词当作一个整体看,或是看成一点,就用“A is at the east of B” 如:There was a big battle at the north of the Liaodong Peninsula.
在辽东半岛的北边有一场大战。
5.如果要表示“A位于B东面100公里处”时我们既可以说“A lies l00km to the east of B”,也可以说“A lies 100km east of B”。 后者在美国口语中更为常见。如:
The plane crashed 30 miles south of the city.飞机在离城南30英里处坠毁。
Suzhou lies 50 miles to the west of Shanghai.苏州位于上海西面50英里处。
(三)汉语里“东南西北”的先后顺序到英语里就变成了north,south,east,west;并由此有了下列中、英文表达上的差异。
东南方:southeast 西南方:southwest
西北方:northwest 东北方:northeast
如:十三陵位于北京西北50公里处。
The Ming Tombs are located about 50 km in the northwest of Beijing.
天津位于北京东南120公里处。
Tiajin is situated l20 km southeast of Beijing.
This was situated to the north-west of the town, a short walk from the railway station.
这里地处镇子的西北方,离火车站仅有一小段步行距离。
Three people have been killed in a bomb explosion in northwest Spain.
在西班牙西北部的炸弹爆炸事件中,已有3人死亡。
Alte, in the hills northwest of Loule, is the Algarve's most picturesque village.
位于洛莱西北部山区的阿尔特,是阿尔加维风景最美丽的村庄。
The Philippine government wants the US to maintain a military
presence in Southeast Asia.
菲律宾政府希望美国继续在东南亚驻军。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
东南方:southeast 西南方:southwest
西北方:northwest 东北方:northeast
Simon Fraser was smitten by the landscapes he found in the wild southwest of the United States.
西蒙·弗雷泽深深地陶醉于自己在美国西南部所发现的这片原始美景中。
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》
Snow in October is nothing strange in northeast China.
10月下雪在东北不是什么希罕的事。
《汉英大词典》
(四)要表示方位的“偏向”时通常用by
正东偏北: east by north
正南偏西: south by west
正北偏东: north by east
正南偏东: south by east
如:We are sailing in the direction of east by north.我们正朝着正东偏北方向航行。
The island lies south by east from here.那个岛位于此地的正南偏东方向。
The train runs south by west.
火车向南偏西方向开去。
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